| (1) -i, e and u | (2) e and uo |
| (3) ai and ei | (4) uai and ui |
| (5) ao and iao | (6) ao and ou |
| (7) ü and iü | (8) an, ian, uan, and üan |
| (9) ie, üe, ian and üan | (10) an and en |
| (11) uan and un | (12) ang and iang |
| (13) in and ing | (14) ang, eng, and ong |
| (15) ong and iong |
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